The rise and fall of the nature conservation movement in Japan in relation to some cultural values

The Japanese are traditionally regarded as nature-loving people, living in “harmony” with nature. However, this assumption is difficult to accept when observing the environmental problems in Japan. How can one explain the incongruities? Has the Japanese people's attitude toward nature changed as Japan has modernized? Is the concept of the nature-loving Japanese merely a myth? Is there another reason to explain this contradiction? This study shows political and economic origins of the paradox. The origin of the Japanese traditional idea of nature is fear and reverence of nature based on a primitive religion that developed in a rural subsistence living situation. Aesthetic and spiritual values of nature for cultural, educational, and intellectual entertainment were developed by the ruling class in the seventh century. Japan's first nature conservation movement, imported from the West, developed among the intellectual community and was advocated and promoted by the elite in the Meiji period (1868–1911). However, because deep commitment was lacking, the movement was abused by the military government before World War II. In the early 1970s the nature conservation movement seemed to be on the ascendancy, mainly because it was combined with the antipollution movement claiming the basic rights of survival. The Japanese nature conservation movement is still in the embryonic stage; in the future, the blending of some traditional resource management with the scientific philosophy of nature conservation may help promote the new wave of nature conservation in Japan.     

The aesthetics of forestry: What has empirical preference research taught us?

Multiple-use forest management has come to include an attention to scenic values, and methods are being developed to incorporate aesthetic considerations into decision making. A considerable body of scientific research has been conducted exploring public preferences for forest landscapes and intersubjective and contextual influences upon their perception. This research is surveyed. Findings regarding the perception of forest conditions, such as tree density and size, ground cover, species makeup and nonmanagement are considered. The scenic effects of forest treatments such as thinning, burning, and chemical application are outlined. Findings for harvest and regeneration practices such as clear-cutting, shelterwoods, selection cuts, and slash treatments are reported. Advances that consider the effects of time upon forest beauty and experiences are explored, along with a problem in multiple-use evaluation of scenic changes. Research on these topics and on observer intersubjective problems and general theory development is supported as a course of advancement in the field.     

How the public perceives the visual effects of timber harvesting: an evaluation of interest group preferences

A total of 25 scenes representing the five visual quality objectives in the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service visual management system were presented to 18 professional and public interest groups in western Montana. The results indicate that nearly all the groups have similar rank orderings of the scenes in terms of visual preference. However, the groups differ according to the absolute values of their ratings. Most groups were unable, in a statistical sense, to differentiate the scenic quality of areas in the preservation and retention visual quality objectives. Landscape architects tended to rate scenes in a way similar to professional forest management groups.     

新疆天池风景名胜区自然社会环境特征

在天池区自然社会环境因素分析研究的基础上，总结了天池地区自然社会环境特征。     

科学系统地编制风景区保护规划——以罗汉岩风景区为例

本文以罗汉岩风景区为例，较为详细地介绍了风景区风景资源与环境保护规划等内容。     

银厂沟金沙河水环境质量评价

银厂沟是成都近郊的著名省级风景区，其水环境质量对旅游开发有直接影响。本文收集景区金沙河十多年的水质监到资料对景区河流水质进行了评价，旨在提出景区水源现有和潜在的环境保护问题，以引起管理部门的重视。     

丹霞山风景区鳄鱼爬山危岩体变形监测

本文介绍了丹霞山风景区危岩体变形监测的目的、所用仪器、测量方法、监测数据可靠性分析及精度要求,并以该景区鳄鱼爬山危岩体地质灾害监测点为例,通过对实际监测数据的分析和整理,绘制出了危岩体各监测点时间-位移量曲线图,直观地反映了该危岩体的变化规律及其发展趋势,可及时提供地质灾害的预报预警,以确保游客的生命财产安全,为探讨景...     

基于可持续视角的旅游用地利用模式研究——以乌鲁木齐南山风景区为例

旅游用地的利用要寻求一种既符合可持续发展规律,又能满足社会生产力发展的土地利用模式。旅游用地可持续利用模式具有双重性,一方面是对土地资源的合理开发利用,另一方面能够产生生态经济能效。在对乌鲁木齐南山风景区实地调研的基础上,归纳了旅游用地的时空特征、复合型与多功能性特征,提出南山风景区多地类综合型用地模式,并运用层次分析法和模糊综合评价法,从用地结构指标、经济指标、社会指标、生态指标四个方面对南山风景区的可持续旅游用地模式进行定量与定性评价分析。认为实证区的用地模式尚需调整,并针对其过度放牧、监管力度不够和用地无序粗放问题提出对策建议。     

白马泉风景区夏季大气PM2.5中二次有机物的初步研究

实验选择2010年7月于雅安市白马泉风景区常绿阔叶林内采集PM2.5样本,并对样本进行甲醇提取、三甲硅醚衍生化及GC/MS分析,探讨研究区域内气溶胶中异戊二烯氧化产物、α-/β-蒎烯氧化产物、小分子羧酸(苹果酸、2-羟基戊二酸)的浓度与昼夜变化趋势,并结合大气污染气体(SO2、NOx、O3)和环境气候条件(风速、温度、湿度等)对其浓度的影响进行讨论.结果表明,24 h PM2.5样本中,2-甲基丁四醇、异丁烯三醇、2-甲基甘油酸的浓度分别为63.3、45.0、4.4 ng.m-3;降蒎酸、3-羟基戊二酸、3-羟基-1,2,3-丁三酸的浓度分别为4.1、5.0、5.3 ng.m-3.除降蒎酸外,此次研究的其他二次有机气溶胶组分均呈现昼高夜低.白马泉风景区聚集了较高浓度的天然源二次有机物与当地亚热带繁茂的植被、湿热气候、沟谷型地貌及大气污染状况等诸多环境因素有关.     

鹰潭龙虎山风景名胜区民宿分布特征和影响因素

以江西省鹰潭市龙虎山风景名胜区为研究案例地,运用最邻近指数、核密度分析、缓冲区分析等空间分析方法探讨了该景区民宿的空间分布格局及其影响因素。结果表明:龙虎山景区的民宿在空间上总体呈集聚分布类型,呈现"二大核心,多处聚集"的分布模式,其中景区海拔、水系分布、区位交通、景点分布、景观可视性、业态分布、乡村聚落等7个方面是民宿分布的主要影响因素。最后,针对龙虎山景区内民宿选址提出建议。